Improvement in air-pumps



H. ELLIS.

Patented Oct. f9,1875.

Air-Pump.

NPEI'ERS. PHOTO-LITHGGRAPHER. WA$HINGTON. n C,

. NIT DY ST T S JOHN H. ELLIS, or PEoR A, ILLIN ISJ IMPROVEMENT INAIR-PUMPS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 168,888, dated October19, 1875; application Marchv15, 875;

. To all whom it niay 0mm.-

Be it known that I, J oniv H. ELLIS, of the city of Peoria, in thecounty of Peoria and in .the Stateof Illinois, have invented an Im-'provement in Air-Pumpsand their Attachments, adapted for theuse ofschools and col- .leges and do hereby declare that the follow- .ing is afull, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being hadt'o theannexed draw- .ings, making a part of this specification, in which likeletters of reference refer tolikei parts, and in which I Figure 1represents a front elevation of the pump, showing the application of anexhaust- "Fig. 5, jar,showing a sectional view, cap to receivestop-cock; Fig. 6, vertical section of the reversible valve-box Fig. 7,plan of valve;

Fig. 8, sectional elevation of condensing-ves- ,sel, showing applicationof the stop-cock connection for attachment" to the pump.

The object of this invention is to furnish an I improved and economicalair-pump (both for exhausting and condensing) and attachments forexperiments. in natural philosophy, particularly adapted for-the use ofcolleges and schools-the principal improvements being, first, a terminalnozzle so constructed as to admit of various attachments by means ofrubber hose, socketed stop-cock, &c.; second, in the employment ofreversible valve-boxes, both in pump and piston, which maybe taken outand reversed according to the experiment to be tried-z. e., inexhausting or condensing; third, in the adaptation of ordinary glassfruitjars or lamp-chimneys as receivers or hand-glasses, by means ofsimple devices, as an economical substitute for the more expensive andspecific pneumatic vessels.

I use a vertical pump-barrel, F, secured to horizontal arms D D, whichconnect two vertical standards, 0 (J, rising from the base A BB. Thepiston-rod z moves in socket w, projecting from the upper bar D of theframe,

rods 00 :0 just above the piston Gr.

of said valve box.)

uponiwhich the pump-handle H is also pivoted, the latter being connectedto the piston-rod by To accomplish the first-described. object thepump-barrel is terminal below i'n a nozzle, F screwed upon the end ofsaid barrel, saidl nozzle ending in bulbb, for the purpose of retailiinga rubber hose, or for entering a socket in thestop-cock connection a,used to connect .the'usual jars with said nozzle,

" The nozzle F, as before said, is made to unscrew from the barrel toaccomplish the second-described object-viz., for the purpose ofreversing the valve f, which is seatedin a removable and reversible box,I, which is screwed into a recess in said nozzle, and provided withair-orifices e ein the cap (1, screwed down upon the said valve f,leaving a concave space, in

which the valve, may work. Such reversion 1s useful 1n experiments incondensed air, in

.which the latter is forced into a condensingchamber, (as P, Fig.8,) andretained by usual stop-cock, (with groundcock). The piston G, in likemanner','is fittedwith a similar box and valve, reversible with that inthe nozzle when required, (see Fig. 6) for a larger view A For thepurpose of raisin and pressi'n the mouth or stop-cock of a vessel (asL,,Fig. 1)

up to the bulb of the nozzle 1), I use the rotary table E, mounted uponthe screwain thebase A, by which vessels of 'dili'erent'ele- Yations maybeadjus'ted tosaid'noz'zlaas well as the usual table bearing thereceiverplate N N, as seen in Fig. 2, which, for the purpose ofelevating the receiver toward the eye, may rest upon a pillar, M, havinga nipple on its under surface, which fits into a corresponding socket insaid rotary table.

The third objectis accomplished, in the case of the use ofa fruit-jar,by using one ot'these which are sold with a screw-cap, it, upon them,whose innerupper edges clasp the cover, holding the same sealed by meansof a thread upon the neck of the jar. I modify the cap of thisreadily-obtained jar (see Fig. 5) by making the cover 'm thick enough toreceive a screwsocket for the reception of the stop-cock connection u.(Shown in Fig. 1.) This jar, having a bottom, unusual with the ordinaryglass chambers furnished or sold with air-pumps, is thus qualified, bycl.osin g the ground stop-cock, to he removed om, t e p p whe exhau e ofair"a particularly useful thing in illustrating the absence of sound inringing the inclosed bell, as the jar can be handed roundforobservation. The adaptation of an ordinarylamp-chimney asan-e'xhaust-chamber is accomplished by providing a disk, q, throughwhich is screwed the threaded stem 1', or-airpassage, of a metal cone orcork, It, provided with rubber ring or packing 1) (see Fig.3) upon itsconical surface, which is pressed tightly against the upper taperinginterior surface of the chimney by screwing the disk q down upon thechimney'top. A hose, 8, may be then used. to connect the stem 1' with-the nozzle or bulb b of the pump, as well also for connection to theother vessels.

In like manner, the bulb b may be connected with the nozzlet ofthereceiver-plate N. The hose will thus prevent the jar or oscillationwhich is givenby "the pump-handle H to the same, when said plate isconnected rigidly with said pump, by which means (t'. the hose 8) allobjectionable oscillation is avoided, asfor instance, when liquids areevaporating and crystallization is taking place.

The ad-vantagcspf this pump, connections, and attachments are, first,the pump is so made that it can readily be taken apart,

cleaned and packed, and put together by per- *sons of ordinary skill;second, that-the workin g of each-valve in separate reversible boxesmakes 'the'pump an exhauster or condenser, *atpleasure, and protects thevalves from derangement, whether used in condensing or in "exhausti1g-i.e.,with the valves downward or upward third, in its adaptation formany different attachments, as of ordinary fruit-jars, 'lamp-chim'neys,bottles, 850., by means of the hose and other'describ'ed devices, thehose --making the glass vessels comparatively inde-' pendent of thepump; fourth, the advantage in the-use of a fruit-jar as a chamber,having a ground-stopcock, (which holds the exhaustion much longer thansimilar 'dev-icesof -pneu matic ins-truments,) so thatv the jar can beremoved from the pump, as in illustrating the "ringing of bells invacumboiling water at low.

temperature, experiments on insects without danger of their getting intothe air-passages, andthe cheapness and ease with which a broken glassmay be replaced from any drug or grocery store; fifth, in not preventingthe attachment to the terminalnozzle of the time-honored metal disk Nand tube U with the bell-glass.

What I claim as my invention is-- 1. In combination with the nozzle F,the reversible valve-box I and the piston G, with its reversiblevalve-box I, substantially as and for the purposes described. v

' 2. The valve-box I in the nozzle, when provided with a screw-cap 0rvalve-cover, d, and inclosed valve, so constructed as to be reversible,for exhausting or condensing, in connection with a correspondingvalve-box in the piston, substantially as and for the purposesdescribed.

3. The combination, by means of the bulb b of the nozzle F, with thesocket h of the pipe t of the pneumatic receiver-plate N, with its tableN", by which the receiver plate is readily attachable to and detachablefrom said nozzle F.

4. The combination, by'means of bulb b and socket h, of the nozzle F,the pipe 25, the metal disk of the ordinary air-pump, and the-rotarytable E, substantially as and for the. purposes described.

5.As an attachment to an-air-pump,the fruit-jar L, of awell-knownform--.-t'. 0., having a screw-thread around its neck, an outer 3screw-cap, n, in combination with a cover, m, :provided with ascrew-socket to receive the stop-cock connection u, substantially as andfor the purposes described. I

' 6. The combination, with the nozzle F, of

Y the hose s, pipe 1, provided with thread toreceive "the disk q. corkK, provided with the rubber packing 10, glass Q,'and disk q.

In testimony that I claim the abovedescribed improvement-in air-pumpsand attachments, I have hereunto set my handthisdth J OHN H. ELLIS.

day of March, 1875.

Witnesses:

ANDREW RUNSTETTOR, JAMES M. Mouse.

